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    A being whose every aspect is wholly necessary and fully ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→There is no act-potency distinction in God; God is actus purus, pure act, wholly actual.

    A being whose every aspect is wholly necessary and fully actualized cannot be the subject of genuine contingent acts like creation or providential response.

    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.Genuine contingency requires the ability to do otherwise; a necessary being has no such ability in any respect.
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    • 2.Creative acts presuppose a transition from non-actuality to actuality; fully actualized beings cannot undergo such transitions.
      ?

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    • 3.Providential response implies temporal reaction to external events; necessary beings cannot be affected by what lies outside themselves.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.A necessary being's actions can be contingent relative to creatures even if necessary in themselves—necessity doesn't preclude genuine causation.
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    • 2.Full actuality includes all possible perfections, including the power to freely actualize worlds; this power needn't involve potential or change.
      ?

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    • 3.Providence requires responsiveness to human freedom, not temporal reaction; omniscience permits eternally knowing and appropriately responding to all contingencies.
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    Divine Attributes1 linked

    Related

    A necessary being's actions can be contingent relative to creatures even if nece...Creative acts presuppose a transition from non-actuality to actuality; fully act...Full actuality includes all possible perfections, including the power to freely ...Genuine contingency requires the ability to do otherwise; a necessary being has ...
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    Providence requires responsiveness to human freedom, not temporal reaction; omni...Providential response implies temporal reaction to external events; necessary be...There is no act-potency distinction in God; God is actus purus, pure act, wholly...

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    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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