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Inverse View
It is not the case that A complete ethics of risk should maximize expected welfare across all affected parties, rendering intent-based distinctions redundant to that calculus.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Intentions causally shape behavior in ways expected-value models cannot capture; recklessness and negligence produce different risk patterns.
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2.
Pure welfarism cannot account for agency violations—coerced benefit or manipulation causing net positive welfare remains intuitively wrong.
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3.
Expected welfare calculations require precise probability/utility assignments that are epistemically intractable in real ethical decisions.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Consequences are what ultimately matter morally; intent affects outcomes only instrumentally through motivation and behavior patterns.
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2.
Intent-based distinctions create arbitrary moral hierarchies—identical harms are judged differently based on unprovable mental states.
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3.
Expected welfare calculations provide objective, universalizable criteria that intent-based frameworks inherently lack.
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