A definition of knowledge that divorces subjective access from epistemic warrant cannot ground the Stoic practical ideal of the sage who withholds assent from non-cognitive impressions.
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The cognitive act of accepting a proposition as true, regulated by perceived logical consistency or contradiction with one's existing beliefs.
epistemology(Contrasted with purely descriptive scientific inquiry)
A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs
knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
non-cognitive impressions(contrasted with cognitive impressions)
Mental experiences or feelings that don't give you real knowledge—like a guess, a feeling, or an illusion that might not be true.