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    A deliberate limitation of scope must be principled, but ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Goodman's lack of a theory of pictorial reference is not an oversight but a deliberate limitation of scope.

    A deliberate limitation of scope must be principled, but Goodman's routes-not-roots distinction arbitrarily excludes causal-historical factors that Kripke and Putnam showed are constitutive of reference generally.

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    Key Terms

    Causal-historical factors(as used in philosophy of language and metaphysics)
    The chain of events and causes that led to something; basically, the history of how something came to be.
    Hilary Putnam(as a reference to a specific philosopher's arguments)
    An influential American philosopher (1926-2016) who made major contributions to philosophy of mind and language; he's famous for arguing that the same mental state could be realized in different physical ways.
    Limitation of scope(as used in logic and philosophy of language)
    Deliberately choosing to focus on only certain aspects of a problem while ignoring others; like deciding to study only how plants grow without considering soil chemistry.
    Nelson Goodman(the philosopher whose theory is being discussed)
    A 20th-century American philosopher who developed theories about how symbols (like words, pictures, and artworks) work and mean things.

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    Routes-not-roots distinction(as Goodman's specific philosophical theory)
    Goodman's idea that what matters for understanding meaning is the *path or method* we use to learn something, not its *origin or history*—like saying how you learned a fact matters more than where it originally came from.
    Saul Kripke(in 20th-century philosophy)
    An influential modern philosopher who developed new ways of thinking about meaning, necessity, and possibility by using the idea of 'possible worlds.'
    constitutive of(as used in metaphysics)
    Something that is essential to making something what it is—if you remove it, the thing is no longer that thing.
    principled(as used in logic and reasoning)
    Based on clear, consistent rules or standards rather than random choices or personal preference.
    reference(Distinguished from intension in the context of possible worlds semantics)
    The actual-world referent of an expression; what the expression picks out in the actual world.

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    Philosophy of Language1 linked

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    Goodman's lack of a theory of pictorial reference is not an oversight but a deli...

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