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    A disjunction lacking a constructive witness—where we can... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→At least one of the inclusions L ⊆ NL, NL ⊆ P, P ⊆ NP, NP ⊆ PSPACE must be proper

    A disjunction lacking a constructive witness—where we cannot currently prove any single disjunct—fails to constitute genuine mathematical knowledge by intuitionist standards, even if classically valid.

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    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.Mathematical knowledge requires understanding *how* a result holds, not merely that it holds; constructive proof provides this explanatory content.
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    • 2.A disjunction without a witness leaves us unable to specify which claim is true, making our assertion epistemically incomplete.
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    • 3.Classical logic's law of excluded middle adds no computational or constructive information, so it shouldn't ground genuine mathematical knowledge.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Classical mathematics has successfully solved concrete problems for centuries; restricting knowledge to constructive proofs excludes proven effective methods.
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    • 2.A disjunction can be mathematically meaningful and knowable without a witness—e.g., we know 'p or not-p' is true by logical principle, not construction.
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    • 3.Intuitionism conflates epistemology with metaphysics; non-constructive truths may exist independently of our ability to produce witnesses for them.
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    Key Terms

    Constructive witness(what intuitionistic logic requires)
    An actual, concrete example or proof that demonstrates something is true, rather than just proving that assuming it's false leads to a problem.
    classically valid(Contrasted with intuitionistic validity)
    A formula or inference is classically valid if it holds in all classical models, including by appeal to the vacuous truth of conditionals with false antecedents
    disjunct(in logic)
    One of the options in an 'either/or' statement; in 'either A or B,' both A and B are disjuncts.
    disjunction(as used in formal logic)
    A logical 'or' statement; 'a or b' (written a∨b) is true when at least one of the two parts is true.
    intuitionism(Mill's characterisation of a target he rejected; linked to conservative deference to inherited belief)
    The view that anything a person believes deeply enough must be true, such that conviction itself is taken as justification.
    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
    mathematical knowledge(philosophy of mathematics and epistemology)
    Truths about numbers, shapes, and abstract objects that mathematicians consider proven and certain.

    Connections

    2 topics

    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedModality & Possibility1 linked

    Related

    A disjunction can be mathematically meaningful and knowable without a witness—e....A disjunction without a witness leaves us unable to specify which claim is true,...

    Details

    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    2 (1 for, 1 against)
    Edits
    1 edit
    At least one of the inclusions L ⊆ NL, NL ⊆ P, P ⊆ NP, NP ⊆ PSPACE must be prope...
    Classical logic's law of excluded middle adds no computational or constructive i...
    +3 moreShow less
    Classical mathematics has successfully solved concrete problems for centuries; r...Intuitionism conflates epistemology with metaphysics; non-constructive truths ma...Mathematical knowledge requires understanding *how* a result holds, not merely t...