- Constructive witness(what intuitionistic logic requires)
- An actual, concrete example or proof that demonstrates something is true, rather than just proving that assuming it's false leads to a problem.
- classically valid(Contrasted with intuitionistic validity)
- A formula or inference is classically valid if it holds in all classical models, including by appeal to the vacuous truth of conditionals with false antecedents
- disjunct(in logic)
- One of the options in an 'either/or' statement; in 'either A or B,' both A and B are disjuncts.
- disjunction(as used in formal logic)
- A logical 'or' statement; 'a or b' (written a∨b) is true when at least one of the two parts is true.
- intuitionism(Mill's characterisation of a target he rejected; linked to conservative deference to inherited belief)
- The view that anything a person believes deeply enough must be true, such that conviction itself is taken as justification.
- knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
- Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
- mathematical knowledge(philosophy of mathematics and epistemology)
- Truths about numbers, shapes, and abstract objects that mathematicians consider proven and certain.