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inverse
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Inverse View
It is not the case that A distinct entity requires positive being, but evil is defined entirely by what it lacks, not by any intrinsic properties it possesses.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Pain, suffering, and malice have measurable physical correlates and neurological bases that constitute positive properties.
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2.
A 'lack' of compassion in a cruel act is itself something positive: an active intention or choice, not mere absence.
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3.
The privation account requires appealing to 'good' as fundamental, yet good and evil may be equally fundamental or independent.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Only things with positive properties can be causally efficacious or constitute distinct substances in metaphysics.
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2.
Evil manifests only as absence: cruelty lacks compassion, injustice lacks fairness. These are privations, not entities.
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3.
If evil were positively real, it would require its own explanation and ground, but we only explain it by reference to good.
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