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Inverse View
It is not the case that A false belief like 'Theaetetus flies' refers to real constituents (Theaetetus, flying) combined in a false arrangement, not to nothing.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
The arrangement relation itself needs explanation: what makes a 'false arrangement' of real constituents different from mere separate existence of those things?
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2.
This view conflates reference with aboutness: even if Theaetetus and flying are constituents of the belief, that doesn't explain how they're combined falsely.
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3.
Non-existent arrangements seem to be abstract objects too—so the view doesn't avoid positing non-real entities, only relocates them.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
False beliefs have determinate content: we can specify exactly what makes 'Theaetetus flies' false, which requires identifying its specific constituents.
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2.
Thoughts about non-existent or impossible combinations (like flying humans) are still about real things arranged wrongly, not about nothing.
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3.
Explanation of error requires real elements: if false beliefs involved no constituents, we couldn't explain why one falsehood differs from another.
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