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Inverse View
It is not the case that A function f(x) is in FP if and only if it is definable by a Σ^B₁-formula relative to which it is provably total in V¹
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Reasons For
2 perspectives
Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Provability in V¹ presupposes a fixed background meta-theory, yet the choice of meta-theory is not itself provably neutral with respect to what counts as 'total'.
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2.
Kreisel's squeezing argument shows that informal notions of computability resist full capture by any single formal provability criterion.
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3.
If the biconditional holds only relative to an assumed consistency of V¹, it cannot serve as a foundational characterization without circularity.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Σ^B₁-definability is a syntactic criterion, but polynomial-time computability is an extensional, machine-relative notion—Benacerraf's identification problem applies here.
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2.
Two functions can be co-extensional over all inputs while differing in their Σ^B₁-definability status under alternative but equally valid formalization choices, undermining the biconditional's necessity claim.
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Reasons Against
1 perspective
Reason against
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1.
The second-order theories V^i characterize the levels of the Polynomial Hierarchy
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2.
Σ^B₁-definability in V¹ captures exactly the polynomial-time computable functions
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