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    A relation that holds necessarily across all possible wor... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The relation between a proper name and its referent is merely linguistic.

    A relation that holds necessarily across all possible worlds—connecting a name to its bearer regardless of counterfactual circumstance—cannot be merely linguistic, since linguistic conventions are contingent.

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    Key Terms

    Necessarily
    "Necessarily" means something must be true in all possible situations—it's not just true right now, but couldn't be false under any circumstances. For example, "2+2=4 necessarily" means there's no possible way 2+2 could equal anything other than 4. This contrasts with "contingently" true facts, like "it's raining today," which happen to be true but could have been false.
    bearer(as used in metaphysics)
    The thing that has or carries a property. For example, a rose is the bearer of the property 'redness.'
    contingent(De Interpretatione 12–13)
    Equated with 'possible'; on the two-sided interpretation, contingency excludes necessity (possibility implies non-necessity).
    counterfactual(Modal logic and epistemology)
    A conditional statement concerning what would be the case if some antecedent condition were true, evaluated across possible worlds; contraposition does not hold in general for counterfactuals.

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    linguistic(in philosophy of language)
    Related to language and words; having to do with how we communicate through language rather than the world itself.
    possible worlds(Leibniz's modal semantics, anticipating contemporary possible-worlds semantics)
    Worlds that have existence in a tenuous sense; fictional worlds used to characterize the nature of possibles that are never actualized
    relation(Aristotelian category theory)
    An Aristotelian category whose existence requires two possibilities, one for each subject standing in contrast, as opposed to the other nine categories which require only one possibility in one subject.

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    Philosophy of Language1 linked

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    The relation between a proper name and its referent is merely linguistic.

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