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    A speaker systematically deceived about which day it is—a... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The beliefs of the speaker are irrelevant to the day an utterance of 'today' is about.

    A speaker systematically deceived about which day it is—as in cases discussed by Burge regarding deference and incomplete understanding—may fail to entertain the proposition their words literally express.

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    Key Terms

    Burge(as a philosopher who contributed to externalism theory)
    Tyler Burge is a contemporary philosopher who expanded semantic externalism by showing that word meanings also depend on what the broader community or social institutions around us accept and use.
    Deference(describing how we depend on others for understanding)
    Relying on someone else's knowledge or expertise rather than figuring something out yourself—like trusting your doctor's diagnosis instead of diagnosing yourself.
    Entertain (a proposition)(describing whether someone's mind actually grasps the idea their words convey)
    To think about or consider a claim in your mind, whether or not you believe it.
    Incomplete understanding(describing a state where someone doesn't fully comprehend what they're saying)
    Grasping only part of what something means, rather than fully understanding it.

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    Literally express(describing the straightforward meaning of language)
    The actual, direct meaning of the words someone says, as opposed to what they might mean indirectly or figuratively.
    proposition(Used in the context of a semantic theory sensitive to differences in subject matter.)
    The content expressed by a sentence, individuated at least in part by the subject matter of the sentence and the contents of its subsentential expressions.

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    Philosophy of Language1 linked

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    The beliefs of the speaker are irrelevant to the day an utterance of 'today' is ...

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