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Inverse View
It is not the case that A subject can only be harmed if there exists a subject to bear the harm at the time the harm occurs (the 'no subject' objection, Epicurus, Lucretius).
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Harm can be comparative: dying at 30 is bad relative to the life one would have lived, regardless of post-death experience.
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2.
We recognize interests (continued existence, future projects) that can be thwarted even if the subject never experiences the thwarting.
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3.
The no-subject view implies it's not bad to kill someone painlessly in their sleep, which contradicts our moral intuitions.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Harm requires a conscious experience of badness; non-existent subjects cannot have experiences, so cannot be harmed.
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2.
If death ends all consciousness, the dead person never experiences their death as bad, so death itself causes no harm.
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3.
Attributing harm to non-subjects commits a logical error: we'd claim something bad happened to someone who no longer exists.
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