A synchronic modal argument from contingency to necessity requires only that the aggregate of contingents lacks self-sufficient existence, not that an infinite series is impossible.

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Contingent/Contingency(metaphysics and theology): Something that might or might not exist; it depends on other things or conditions. A contingent thing only exists because of outside causes (unlike something that must exist by its own nature).
Necessity/Necessary(as the key concept distinguishing the two parts of Aquinas's argument): Something that must be true or must happen; it couldn't be otherwise (like how 2+2 must equal 4).
Self-sufficient existence(as used in metaphysics and ontology): The ability to exist on your own without depending on anything else for your existence.
Synchronic(in epistemology and logic): Referring to things that exist or happen at the same time, rather than over a period of time. Here, it means the requirements that your beliefs need to satisfy right now, not how they change over time.

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