A theory of justified choice that cannot distinguish 'on a par' from 'incomparable' lacks the normative precision needed to vindicate either choice as justified rather than merely arbitrary.
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(Debate over Locke's watch passage and natural kind classification)
Does not mean 'random' or that all qualities are equally adequate as differentia; refers instead to the availability of multiple similarly good and natural grounds for classification.
on a par(Chang's terminology for the parity relation)
The relational status of two options A and B when parity holds: they are comparable but not ordered by the standard three relations