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Inverse View
It is not the case that A thing can therefore be non-instrumentally good in virtue of relational properties constituted by its place within a valuable whole.
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Reasons For
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1.
If goodness derives from relational position in a whole, the whole itself must be independently good, making the claim parasitic on intrinsic value elsewhere.
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2.
Relational properties are extrinsic and contingent; grounding non-instrumental value in them seems to collapse the distinction between intrinsic and instrumental goods.
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3.
A thing's value seems to require some evaluative ground in the thing itself; pure relational goodness risks making value arbitrary and observer-dependent.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Parts of valuable wholes (e.g., movements in a symphony) possess goodness that depends entirely on their relational position, not intrinsic properties.
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2.
Non-instrumental value can attach to relational properties, since what makes something good need not be reducible to intrinsic monadic qualities.
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3.
Aesthetic and organic wholes demonstrate that constituent elements gain evaluative significance through their functional or structural role within the system.
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