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It is not the case that A thing has parts only if it can be decomposed into numerically distinct constituents; relational or directional properties do not generate such constituents.
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Reasons For
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1.
Some physical wholes (like magnetic fields) have genuinely distinct functional parts that interact relationally but cannot be physically separated without ceasing to exist.
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2.
The distinction between 'intrinsic' and 'relational' is itself philosophically contested; spatial orientation may be as intrinsic as mass or shape.
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3.
Complex systems like organisms have parts defined by functional/relational roles that are causally real and decomposable even if not physically isolable from their context.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Parthood is fundamentally about physical decomposability: what counts as parts must be separately locatable and removable without conceptual dissolution.
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2.
Relational properties like 'to the left of' exist only in minds or descriptions, not as concrete constituents in the world requiring physical separation.
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3.
If directional properties generated parts, any object would have infinite parts (one for each spatial relation to every other object), making parthood meaningless.
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