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    A universal generalization that is neither known nor epis... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The objection that singular causal judgments are made without belief in the associated universal generalization is consistent with Davidson's extensionalism about causality

    A universal generalization that is neither known nor epistemically operative in grounding a judgment cannot rescue Davidson's extensionalism from the charge that causation is genuinely non-nomological.

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    Key Terms

    Davidson
    # Davidson Davidson most commonly refers to **Donald Davidson** (1917-2003), an influential American philosopher known for his work on the philosophy of mind and language. He developed important theories about how our thoughts connect to the physical world and how we understand meaning in language and communication. His ideas have shaped modern philosophy by challenging the view that the mind is completely separate from physical reality.
    Epistemically operative(in epistemology (the study of knowledge))
    Actually playing a role in helping us know or justify something; being relevant to how we figure out if something is true.
    Grounding a judgment(in epistemology)
    Providing the actual reasons or evidence that makes a belief or conclusion justified and solid.
    Non-nomological(in philosophy of science)
    Not following any universal laws or patterns; happening in a way that can't be predicted by general rules.

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    causation(Lewis's counterfactual theory of causation)
    Event C causes event E if and only if there exists a chain C, D1, …, Dn, E such that each member (except C) is counterfactually dependent on the preceding event; causation is the ancestral of counterfactual dependence
    extensionalism(Presupposition of Quine's circularity argument against analyticity)
    The philosophical commitment that the meaning or identity of expressions is determined solely by their extension (the set of things they apply to), rather than by intension or sense
    universal generalization(what we assume when we say a cause led to an effect)
    A statement that claims something is true for all cases or all members of a group, rather than just one specific example.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedCausation1 linked

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    The objection that singular causal judgments are made without belief in the asso...

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