Actual scientists provisionally abandon theories due to lack of confirmation, make theoretical inferences to link data with theories, employ statistical information, and make defeasible, probabilistic judgments about the truth or falsity of their theories.
Second, let's abandon the idea, which reappears in many presentations of the Argument from the Unlearning Problem; that learners' hypotheses must be explicitly falsified in the data in order to be rejected. Let's suppose instead that learners proceed more like actual scientists do — provisionally abandoning theories due to lack of confirmation, making theoretical inferences to link data with theories, employing statistical information, and making defeasible, probabilistic (rather than decisi