Al-Farabi's regress argument assumes that unity and multiplicity are always externally related, but internal self-differentiation within a single being dissolves the regress without requiring bare simplicity.

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Al-Farabi(the subject being discussed in the statement): A medieval Islamic philosopher (10th century) who wrote about logic, metaphysics, and how things cause other things to exist.
Bare simplicity(a philosophical requirement that the new solution avoids needing): Absolute oneness with absolutely no parts, qualities, or differences whatsoever—a state of pure, undivided being.
Externally related(how Al-Farabi's argument assumes unity and multiplicity relate): Connected or related to each other from the outside, as separate things—like two objects touching but remaining independent.
Internal self-differentiation(the alternative solution offered to avoid the regress problem): The ability of a single thing to have different parts or qualities within itself while still remaining one unified whole.
Multiplicity(one of the two opposing concepts being discussed): The quality of being many things or having multiple parts; the opposite of unity.
regress argument(moral skepticism): An argument for moral skepticism that works generally by criticizing each method proposed for ruling out moral nihilism.
unity(Derived from being by adding the notion of indivision alone.): Being that is undivided; the concept of being with the purely negative addition of indivision.

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