Al-Farabi's supporting argument assumes the Aristotelian actuality-potentiality framework, but Duns Scotus argues that God's formal distinctions allow real modal properties without implying real composition or external dependence.

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Actuality-potentiality framework(as a core philosophical concept): Aristotle's idea that things can exist in two states: actuality (what something is right now) and potentiality (what it could become)—like how a seed is potentially a tree but actually just a seed.
Al-Farabi(the subject being discussed in the statement): A medieval Islamic philosopher (10th century) who wrote about logic, metaphysics, and how things cause other things to exist.
Aristotelian: "Aristotelian" refers to ideas and methods based on the teachings of Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher who lived over 2,000 years ago. He emphasized observing the real world, using common sense reasoning, and organizing knowledge into logical categories—rather than relying solely on abstract ideas. His approach heavily influenced Western thought, science, and education for centuries, making him one of the most important thinkers in history.
Duns Scotus(as a historical figure mentioned in the statement): A Scottish Scholastic philosopher from the 13th-14th century who was famous for his very detailed logical arguments and his emphasis on the power of individual will.

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