Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd, the medieval sources of the kalām cosmological argument, both grounded temporal origination in a broader principle of sufficient reason for contingent existence.

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Al-Ghazali(as a historical philosopher in the debate): An 11th-century Islamic philosopher and theologian who argued that God creates the universe at every moment and that nothing exists independently of God's will.
Ibn Rushd(as a historical philosopher): A medieval Islamic philosopher (1126-1198 CE), also known as Averroes, who studied Aristotle's work and tried to combine it with Islamic thought.
Kalām Cosmological Argument(Recently re-popularized by William Lane Craig): The argument for the temporal finitude of the cosmos preferred by advocates of kalām
Principle of Sufficient Reason(Leibniz's foundational metaphysical principle underwriting the explicability of all events and phenomena.): Nothing takes place without a sufficient reason; nothing occurs for which it would be impossible for someone who has enough knowledge of things to give a reason adequate to determine why the thing is as it is and not otherwise.

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