Al-Ghazali argued that the inner determinants of volition are ultimately traceable to divine causation, rendering human systematic investigation of choice epistemically incomplete.

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Al-Ghazali(as a historical philosopher in the debate): An 11th-century Islamic philosopher and theologian who argued that God creates the universe at every moment and that nothing exists independently of God's will.
Determinants(as used in the discussion of health): The factors or causes that influence or shape something. In this case, the statement is saying that many different things affect what health means.
Divine causation(as used in theology and philosophy of religion): The idea that God is the direct cause or reason why something happens in the world, rather than things happening through natural processes or human choice.
Epistemically incomplete(describing the limits of what humans can discover about choice): Unable to be fully known or understood through human investigation and reasoning; there's a limit to what we can know about it.
epistemology(Contrasted with purely descriptive scientific inquiry): A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs
volition(Epictetan Stoicism; contrasted with the body): The faculty of choice or will that is unimpeded and executes only its own choices; the aspect of the person fully within one's control.

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