Al-Ghazali's and Averroes's debate on eternal creation shows that an eternal causal series can be conceived as wholly dependent on a sustaining cause at each moment, not requiring a first temporal moment.

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Al-Ghazali(as a historical philosopher in the debate): An 11th-century Islamic philosopher and theologian who argued that God creates the universe at every moment and that nothing exists independently of God's will.
Averroes(as Al-Ghazali's philosophical opponent): A 12th-century Islamic philosopher (also called Ibn Rushd) who believed Aristotle's logic could be combined with Islamic theology, and who disagreed with Al-Ghazali about how creation works.
Eternal creation(as the topic of their debate): The idea that the universe has always existed and was never created at a particular moment in time, rather than being made at a specific starting point.
First temporal moment(as what may or may not be necessary for creation to exist): The very first instant in time when everything began to exist; a starting point for all of creation.

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