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Inverse View
It is not the case that An agent who sins retains synderesis intact, meaning sin reflects a gap between synderesis and action, not synderesis's absence.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Hardened sinners often report no internal conflict or remorse, suggesting synderesis can be genuinely suppressed or corrupted by sustained vice.
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2.
If synderesis remained intact in all sinners, it would explain why moral education sometimes fails entirely—yet education assumes synderesis can atrophy.
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3.
Distinguishing synderesis from conscience or practical wisdom becomes unclear: perhaps what feels 'intact' is merely weakened rational judgment, not true synderesis.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Synderesis is the innate habit of grasping first principles of practical reason, which cannot be lost without destroying rational agency itself.
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2.
Sinners consistently experience moral remorse and self-condemnation, evidencing that their synderesis remains operative and conflicted with their choices.
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3.
If sin destroyed synderesis, habitual sinners would feel no internal resistance, yet they typically report shame and internal division about wrongdoing.
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