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    An infinite causal chain where each event has a sufficien... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→An ungrounded causal chain explains nothing, so a world with no first moment would render the existence of any present event inexplicable.

    An infinite causal chain where each event has a sufficient prior cause fully explains why any present event occurred—no additional 'first cause' grounding is required for local explanation.

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    Key Terms

    First Cause(Used to explain why scientific axioms fall short of perfect correspondence to reality)
    The ultimate explanatory ground of reality, complete understanding of which would ground perfect knowledge of scientific axioms
    Local explanation(contrasts with needing a universal or ultimate explanation)
    An explanation for why something specific happened in a particular situation, without needing to explain everything in the universe.
    causal chain(Avicenna's cosmological argument in Ilāhiyyāt VIII)
    An ordered series of causes within a given causal type (formal, material, efficient, or final) that Avicenna argues must terminate in a First Cause
    grounding(Drawn from contemporary metaphysics; proposed as potentially applicable to understanding the foundations of legality.)
    A metaphysical relation in which some entities or facts are more foundational than others, providing a hierarchical structure of the world.

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    sufficient cause(Applied specifically to the First's causal relation to its first effect)
    A cause whose existence alone is enough to bring about the existence of its effect, without requiring any external instrument, material substrate, accident, or motion

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    An ungrounded causal chain explains nothing, so a world with no first moment wou...

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    An ungrounded causal chain explains nothing, so a world with no first moment wou...

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