Ancient Chinese texts lack explicit formalization of propositional logic comparable to Aristotelian or modern systems, making 'formal logical apparatus' a potentially anachronistic imposition.

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Ancient Chinese texts(as the subject being compared to Western logic): Early Chinese philosophical and logical writings, such as those from Confucianism and Daoism, that developed their own ways of reasoning about truth and meaning.
Aristotelian logic(the statement compares it to other logical systems): The system of reasoning developed by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, based on organizing statements into categories and drawing conclusions through a structured process called syllogisms.
Formal logical apparatus(describing the tools used in logic): A structured system of rules and symbols used to test whether arguments are valid and conclusions follow from their starting points.
Formalization(describing what Frege did with existence): The process of taking an idea and expressing it precisely using logical symbols and strict rules, like translating messy everyday language into mathematical logic.

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