Annette Baier argues that Hume grounds artificial virtues in the natural sentiment of pride and shame cultivated through social convention, dissolving the alleged motivational gap.

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Annette Baier(as the originator of the theory being discussed): A contemporary philosopher who has written influential work on trust, ethics, and how we relate to each other. Her ideas about trust are widely discussed and respected in philosophy.
Artificial virtues(Hume's category of morally good traits): Moral qualities like justice and honesty that humans created through social agreements because they help society function, rather than virtues that come from human nature alone.
David Hume(as referenced in the statement): An 18th-century Scottish philosopher who argued that our desires and emotions, not reason alone, drive our actions and decisions.
Motivational gap(as a philosophical problem that this theory acknowledges): The problem that knowing something is morally right doesn't automatically make you want to do it—there's a gap between moral knowledge and actual motivation.

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