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It is not the case that Any adequate theory of value must postulate some ultimate end outside of practice as a standard against which the value of acts as means can be judged.
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Reasons For
2 perspectives
Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Dewey's instrumentalism holds that ends are themselves evaluated as means to further ends, making 'ends-in-view' provisional rather than ultimate.
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2.
A coherentist standard of value—where acts are judged by their systemic consequences within ongoing experience—avoids regress without positing a fixed external end.
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3.
The regress argument falsely assumes evaluation must terminate in a single fixed point rather than in a self-correcting, experiential feedback loop.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Aristotelian phronesis demonstrates that practical wisdom adjudicates value contextually without appealing to a single ultimate end outside practice itself.
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2.
The demand for an external ultimate standard conflates the logical structure of justification with the actual deliberative structure of moral reasoning.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
To judge the value of acts as means, there must be a standard against which those acts are measured.
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2.
If no ultimate end outside of practice is postulated, evaluating means requires appeal to further means, generating an infinite regress.
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3.
An infinite regress of means-evaluation is not a viable foundation for a theory of value.
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