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    Any epistemic access to such population-level facts must ... — Carmelics
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    Supports→Understanding probability in terms of frequency makes it impossible to have direct acquaintance with probabilistic connections between propositions.

    Any epistemic access to such population-level facts must proceed through inferential description, not the kind of direct phenomenal contact that acquaintance requires.

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    1 reason for
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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Population-level facts (e.g., average income, mortality rates) are abstract aggregates that no individual directly experiences in consciousness.
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    • 2.Acquaintance requires non-inferential, immediate phenomenal contact; statistical facts are necessarily mediated by calculation and interpretation.
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    • 3.Direct experience only accesses particulars; generalizations about populations logically require synthetic inference beyond any single instance.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.We have direct perceptual access to population-level facts: observing a crowded room directly acquaints us with 'many people,' not via inference.
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    • 2.The distinction between 'direct' and 'inferential' is unclear; perception itself involves unconscious inference, undermining the claimed epistemic divide.
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    • 3.Some population facts are knowable through acquaintance with representative samples or paradigm instances without requiring abstract statistical reasoning.
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    Related

    Acquaintance requires non-inferential, immediate phenomenal contact; statistical...Direct experience only accesses particulars; generalizations about populations l...Population-level facts (e.g., average income, mortality rates) are abstract aggr...Some population facts are knowable through acquaintance with representative samp...
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    The distinction between 'direct' and 'inferential' is unclear; perception itself...Understanding probability in terms of frequency makes it impossible to have dire...We have direct perceptual access to population-level facts: observing a crowded ...

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    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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