Aquinas and Averroes both maintain that the passivity of the possible intellect is not a deficiency but the metaphysical ground of its capacity to receive all intelligible forms without distortion.

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Aquinas: Thomas Aquinas was a medieval Italian priest and philosopher (1225-1274) who became one of the most influential thinkers in Western history. He attempted to show that Christian faith and human reason are compatible, arguing that we can use logic and observation to understand God and the natural world. His ideas deeply shaped Catholic theology and continue to influence how religious and secular institutions think about ethics, knowledge, and the relationship between science and belief.
Averroes(as Al-Ghazali's philosophical opponent): A 12th-century Islamic philosopher (also called Ibn Rushd) who believed Aristotle's logic could be combined with Islamic theology, and who disagreed with Al-Ghazali about how creation works.
Intelligible forms(describing what the intellect receives and understands): The abstract ideas or patterns that our minds understand—like 'redness' or 'justice'—that exist beyond just physical objects.
Metaphysical ground(explaining the foundation of intellectual capacity)

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