Aquinas and Boethius ground divine atemporality in simplicity doctrine, but open theists like Swinburne argue a God who acts in history must experience a genuine 'before' and 'after.'

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Aquinas: Thomas Aquinas was a medieval Italian priest and philosopher (1225-1274) who became one of the most influential thinkers in Western history. He attempted to show that Christian faith and human reason are compatible, arguing that we can use logic and observation to understand God and the natural world. His ideas deeply shaped Catholic theology and continue to influence how religious and secular institutions think about ethics, knowledge, and the relationship between science and belief.
Boethius: Boethius was a Roman philosopher and politician who lived around 480-524 CE and is famous for bridging ancient Greek and Roman knowledge with the medieval world. He wrote influential works on logic, mathematics, and theology, and is best known for his book "The Consolation of Philosophy," written while imprisoned before his execution. His writings helped preserve classical learning during the Middle Ages and shaped how Europeans understood logic and philosophy for centuries.
Divine atemporality(as the main concept being discussed about God's nature): The idea that God doesn't experience time the way humans do—God doesn't have a past, present, or future because God exists outside of time entirely.
Open theists

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