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Inverse View
It is not the case that Aquinas argued that while revelation settles the question, unaided reason can establish that creation ex nihilo requires a temporal first moment.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Modern physics permits a causally closed, beginningless universe (e.g., quantum cosmology models).
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2.
The principle of sufficient reason doesn't entail temporal priority; God could create eternally.
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3.
Aquinas himself held God's knowledge is eternal, suggesting creation needn't have a temporal beginning.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
An infinite regress of causes is metaphysically impossible; therefore creation requires a first cause.
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2.
Actual infinities cannot exist in the physical world; a beginningless universe involves an actual infinite.
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3.
Causation requires temporal priority; a causeless effect would violate basic logical principles.
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