Aquinas's doctrine of divine providence holds that God directs rational creatures toward their proper ends, which requires sustaining rather than eliminating their rational capacity.

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Aquinas: Thomas Aquinas was a medieval Italian priest and philosopher (1225-1274) who became one of the most influential thinkers in Western history. He attempted to show that Christian faith and human reason are compatible, arguing that we can use logic and observation to understand God and the natural world. His ideas deeply shaped Catholic theology and continue to influence how religious and secular institutions think about ethics, knowledge, and the relationship between science and belief.
Rational creatures(as the beings God directs according to Aquinas): Beings capable of reasoning and making choices—like humans—as opposed to things that just follow instinct or natural laws without thinking.
Sustaining (in theological context)(as what God does with rational capacity rather than removing it): Continuously supporting or maintaining something's existence and abilities—God doesn't just create once but keeps upholding creation moment by moment.
divine providence(Used by Damian to argue for the immutability of the past under God's power)

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