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    Aquinas's own distinction between receptive and physical ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The intellect must be immaterial.

    Aquinas's own distinction between receptive and physical alteration shows that the argument's key premise conflates two senses of 'sensitivity' that even scholastic dualists separated.

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    Key Terms

    Aquinas
    Thomas Aquinas was a medieval Italian priest and philosopher (1225-1274) who became one of the most influential thinkers in Western history. He attempted to show that Christian faith and human reason are compatible, arguing that we can use logic and observation to understand God and the natural world. His ideas deeply shaped Catholic theology and continue to influence how religious and secular institutions think about ethics, knowledge, and the relationship between science and belief.
    Conflates(in argumentation and logic)
    Treats two different things as if they're the same thing, or mixes them up in a way that causes confusion.
    physical alteration(the other type of change Aquinas distinguished)
    A change in the actual physical properties or matter of something itself—like how water physically changes when it freezes into ice.
    receptive alteration(one type of change Aquinas distinguished)
    A change that happens to something when it receives or takes in an outside influence—like how your eyes change when they receive light.

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    scholastic dualists(philosophers who made distinctions similar to Aquinas)
    Medieval philosophers who believed the soul and body are two completely separate substances, and who used careful logical arguments (scholasticism) to defend this view.
    sensitivity(Epistemology of knowledge; contrasted with safety)
    An epistemic condition on knowledge formulated as a counterfactual: a belief is sensitive if and only if, were the believed proposition false, the subject would not believe it.

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    The intellect must be immaterial.

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