Aquinas's real distinction between esse and essentia in creatures presupposes a corresponding real distinction in God between what God is and what God does, contra al-Farabi's identity thesis.
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Genuine or real being, of the kind possessed by good things, as distinguished from the apparent or quasi-being attributed to evil things.
essentia(Augustine's etymology as cited by Dietrich of Freiberg in refuting the Thomistic distinction)
The essence of a thing; etymologically derived from 'esse' (to be), indicating that essence is intrinsically related to existence.
identity thesis(Used to characterize a specific commitment of moral naturalism being criticized in the passage)
The claim associated with moral naturalism that moral judgments are identical to a certain class of inductive inferences
real distinction(Norris offers modal abstraction as an alternative method for proving real distinction.)
A distinction between two items such that each can exist independently of the other, established when modal abstraction shows the two items are not modally dependent on one another.