- Aristotelian
- "Aristotelian" refers to ideas and methods based on the teachings of Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher who lived over 2,000 years ago. He emphasized observing the real world, using common sense reasoning, and organizing knowledge into logical categories—rather than relying solely on abstract ideas. His approach heavily influenced Western thought, science, and education for centuries, making him one of the most important thinkers in history.
- Having-been-the-terminus-of-dying(a specific example of a historical property)
- The property or characteristic of being the end point or final stage of a death process—basically, what makes a corpse a corpse rather than just dead matter.
- Patrick Toner(the philosopher being cited as an example)
- A contemporary philosopher who studies medieval philosophy and argues about what happens to objects when they change, particularly focusing on hylomorphism.
- Relational historical properties(the kinds of properties inherited by the new substance)
- Qualities an object has based on its relationships to other things and events in its past (like 'having been loved by someone' or 'having been in a certain place').
- Substantial change(E.g., a thing coming into existence where no substance previously existed)
- A change in which a substance itself comes into being or ceases to be, rather than a persisting substance acquiring or losing an accident
- Successor substance(what the corpse becomes after death)
- A new object that comes into existence after something else has fundamentally changed, taking the place of what came before it.
- hylomorphism(The position Valla attacks as demoting the soul's dignity)
- The Aristotelian account of the soul as a form-matter composite, implying that the soul comes at the end of a chain of transmission from outer objects to a receptive tabula rasa.