Aristotelian natural teleology, which grounded species-based normative descriptions, was rejected by the scientific revolution and cannot be rehabilitated without independent justification.
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The scientific revolution(as the historical moment when Aristotle's natural teleology was rejected)
A period (roughly 1500s-1700s) when scientists like Galileo and Newton started explaining nature through mathematical laws and experiments rather than through Aristotle's ideas about purposes.
independent justification(Epistemology of justification transmission)
Justification that appears intuitively independent of the original justification for a proposition q; more precisely, transmitted justification for q that is additional and independent when three counterfactual conditions are met: the subject was already justified in believing q before acquiring the new evidence, remains justified during acquisition, and would have gained a first-time justification via transmission had no prior justification existed