Aristotelian physics, which Kepler partially retained, attributes natural circular motion to celestial bodies as their proper form, requiring no external motive power to sustain it.

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Aristotelian physics(as the philosophical framework underlying this argument): The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle's theories about how objects move and change, which classified motion into specific categories.
Aristotle: Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived over 2,000 years ago and is one of the most influential thinkers in Western history. He studied nearly every subject—from animals and plants to politics and ethics—and developed practical ways of thinking that shaped how people understand the world. His ideas on logic, nature, and how to live a good life are still taught and debated today because he focused on observing the real world rather than just abstract theories.
Johannes Kepler(as the scientist who updated ancient physics): A German astronomer and mathematician (1571-1630) who discovered the true laws of how planets move around the sun, replacing many ideas from Aristotle's physics.
Motive power(as what Aristotle believed was unnecessary for celestial motion)

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