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Inverse View
It is not the case that Aristotle argues in Nicomachean Ethics I.8 that eudaimonia requires a minimum of external goods such as health, friendship, and fortune.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
If eudaimonia truly depends on external goods, then virtuous people lack control over their own happiness, contradicting Aristotle's emphasis on virtue.
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2.
Many exemplars of human flourishing (philosophers, ascetics, martyrs) have achieved eudaimonia despite lacking health, fortune, or abundant friendships.
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3.
Claiming external goods are necessary makes eudaimonia contingent on luck, conflicting with the idea that it is the highest human good.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Humans are embodied beings; physical health enables the exercise of virtue and intellectual activity required for eudaimonia.
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2.
Friendship is intrinsically valuable and constitutive of human flourishing, not merely instrumental to other goods.
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3.
Extreme poverty or illness creates obstacles that prevent even virtuous people from achieving their full potential and happiness.
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