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It is not the case that Aristotle's corrective justice in Nicomachean Ethics V grounds punishment in restoring an equalized balance, structurally identical to debt repayment.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Debt is consensual reciprocity between parties; punishment is unilateral state action—structurally disanalogous despite mathematical similarity.
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2.
Corrective justice aims to restore victims to their prior condition, not balance abstract ledgers—punishment cannot restore what's lost.
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3.
Aristotle treats corrective justice as addressing private wrongs between individuals, not public crimes requiring deterrence or reformation.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Aristotle explicitly uses arithmetic proportion (geometric equality) to describe corrective justice, mirroring commercial transactions.
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2.
Both debt repayment and punishment restore a numerical balance: the wrongdoer gains unjustly, so subtraction via punishment equalizes.
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3.
Aristotle's corrective justice applies to voluntary exchanges (contracts) and involuntary harm alike, suggesting unified structural logic.
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