Aristotle's De Interpretatione distinction between natural likeness (of mental impressions) and conventional imposition grounds Giles's view that convention cannot constitute the essence of the sign.
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A famous work by Aristotle about language, meaning, and logic—specifically about how statements can be true or false.
Giles(as the philosopher whose argument is being discussed)
A medieval philosopher (likely Giles of Rome, 13th-14th century) who wrote about how substances and their properties work. He's known for his ideas about what things fundamentally are versus what properties they have.
Mental impressions(as the basis for representation)
The images, thoughts, or ideas that form in your mind when you experience or think about something.
Natural likeness(as contrasted with convention)
When something resembles or mirrors something else in nature—like how a photograph looks like the person in it, without needing a rule or agreement to make that connection.
sign(Causal and evidential decision theory)
An event S that is evidentially correlated with an effect E by virtue of sharing a common cause C, rather than by directly causing E