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It is not the case that Aristotle's formal equality principle holds that relevantly similar treatment of cases constitutes equal treatment, regardless of surface-level variation.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Identifying 'relevant similarity' itself requires substantive value judgments that cannot be made neutrally without smuggling in contested moral assumptions.
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2.
Formal equality ignores how existing inequalities compound; treating unequal people identically perpetuates and entrenches structural disadvantage.
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3.
The principle is circular: it assumes we can determine relevant features independently of outcomes, but relevance is often defined by what equality should achieve.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Justice requires treating morally equivalent situations identically; surface differences (race, gender, wealth) lack moral relevance without principled justification.
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2.
Formal equality prevents arbitrary discrimination by grounding fairness in objective criteria of relevant similarity rather than subjective preferences.
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3.
Legal systems need stable, principled rules; Aristotle's approach provides this by defining equality through consistent application of rationally defensible distinctions.
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