Aristotle's systematic treatment of fallacies in the Sophistical Refutations catalogs numerous formal errors—equivocation, affirming the consequent—that occur independently of any false principle.
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Mistakes in the structure or logic of an argument itself, regardless of whether the facts being used are true or false.
Sophistical Refutations(as the specific work referenced)
A book by Aristotle that examines tricks and false arguments used by sophists (ancient teachers who claimed to teach wisdom but often used misleading reasoning).
fallacies(Bentham's political conception, distinct from logical or scientific fallacies)
Arguments or topics that through the use of deception produce erroneous beliefs in people