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    Armstrong's partial identity requires that universals hav... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Determinate similarity and comparability among lengths is explained by Armstrong's partial identity account.

    Armstrong's partial identity requires that universals have genuine mereological parts, but universals are traditionally simple, non-composite entities.

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    Reasons For

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    • 1.Armstrong's partial identity theory requires universals to have spatiotemporal parts corresponding to their instantiations in different particulars.
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    • 2.If universals lack mereological structure, partial identity becomes unintelligible—we cannot explain how the same universal exists in multiple locations.
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    • 3.The traditional simplicity thesis conflicts with empirical adequacy; structured universals better explain how properties relate to their instances.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.Universals can be multiply located without having spatiotemporal parts; location is a non-mereological relation between abstract entities and particulars.
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    • 2.Positing mereological parts in universals creates regress problems: do those parts themselves have parts, and do universals remain genuinely universal?
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    • 3.Simplicity has been central to universals theory precisely because it explains their transcendence of particular instances without material composition.
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    Related

    Armstrong's partial identity theory requires universals to have spatiotemporal p...Determinate similarity and comparability among lengths is explained by Armstrong...If universals lack mereological structure, partial identity becomes unintelligib...Positing mereological parts in universals creates regress problems: do those par...
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    Simplicity has been central to universals theory precisely because it explains t...The traditional simplicity thesis conflicts with empirical adequacy; structured ...Universals can be multiply located without having spatiotemporal parts; location...

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