Assuming 'Always, if every A is B, then every C is D' holds, if 'Never, if every A is B, then not every C is D' did not hold, then 'Sometimes, if every A is B, then not every C is D' would be true
Logical contradiction(as what the stratified framework avoids)
When two statements cannot both be true at the same time because they directly oppose each other. For example, 'it is raining' and 'it is not raining' are contradictory.
Negation (Not/Never)(Used in 'Never' and 'not every C is D' to flip the meaning of claims)
The logical opposite or reversal of a statement; if something is true, its negation is false, and vice versa.
Universal quantifier (Every/All)(Used in 'every A is B' to mean all A's are B's)
A word that means we're talking about ALL members of a group with no exceptions, rather than just some of them.
In Qiyās VII.1, Avicenna considers a basic set of quantified conditional statements with quantified antecedents and consequents. Assuming the four basic forms of quantified conditional statements (a-\(\mathbb{C}\)), (e-\(\mathbb{C}\)), (i-\(\mathbb{C}\)), and (o-\(\mathbb{C}\)) and all permutations of a-, e-, i-, o-propositions as antecedents and consequents, Avicenna generates four groups of sixteen conditional propositions (see Appendix B) and argues that any of those forms is logically equi