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    Attention on the Nyaya account is a subsequent act of man... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Cognition occurs only when consciously attending to a given object, not merely when object, sense faculty, and consciousness are co-present.

    Attention on the Nyaya account is a subsequent act of manas that discriminates and names an already-arising cognition, not a condition for the cognition's initial occurrence.

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    Reasons For

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    • 1.Pre-reflective cognitions occur constantly without conscious attention; attention merely brings them into explicit awareness.
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    • 2.Mental discrimination and naming require conceptual activity that presupposes an already-given object of consciousness.
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    • 3.Empirically, we experience sudden perceptions before we consciously attend to and name them as distinct entities.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.If attention is post-hoc, it cannot explain how manas selectively directs sense-contact toward specific objects initially.
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    • 2.Distinguishing cognition from attention creates explanatory gaps about what unifies pre-attentive mental states into coherent experience.
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    • 3.The Nyaya model may conflate the temporal ordering of report with the actual causal structure of perceptual processes.
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    Consciousness & Mind1 linkedPerception1 linked

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    Cognition occurs only when consciously attending to a given object, not merely w...Distinguishing cognition from attention creates explanatory gaps about what unif...Empirically, we experience sudden perceptions before we consciously attend to an...If attention is post-hoc, it cannot explain how manas selectively directs sense-...
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    Mental discrimination and naming require conceptual activity that presupposes an...Pre-reflective cognitions occur constantly without conscious attention; attentio...The Nyaya model may conflate the temporal ordering of report with the actual cau...

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