Beardsley's formalist bias toward object-focused criteria systematically excludes relational, contextual, and performative dimensions that theorists from Danto to Carroll identify as constitutive of aesthetic experience.
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Dependent on the specific circumstances, setting, or surrounding details rather than being the same in every situation.
Danto(as a philosopher who identifies what formalism misses)
Arthur Danto is an American philosopher who argued that understanding art requires knowing not just what it looks like, but its history, context, and what the artist intended—you can't judge art by appearance alone.
Formalist(as used in philosophy of mathematics)
A philosophical view that treats mathematics as a game played with symbols according to fixed rules, rather than as describing something real.
Object-focused criteria(describes what formalist approaches emphasize)
Standards for evaluation that concentrate on examining the thing itself (the artwork, object, or text) rather than considering anything outside of it.
Performative dimensions(as aspects excluded by formalist approaches)
Aspects of art or experience that involve action, performance, or doing—the role of the artist performing, the audience participating, or the artwork being used in real time.
Relational dimensions(as something excluded by formalist approaches)
Aspects of experience that depend on how things connect to or relate to each other, rather than existing in isolation.