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    Bernard Williams's argument that categorical desires grou... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→It is not irrational to prefer not to be at the end of our lives, unable to shape them further, and limited to reminiscing about days gone by.

    Bernard Williams's argument that categorical desires ground the badness of death implies that transformed late-life desires—including desires to reminisce—are no less authentically one's own.

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    Key Terms

    Authentically one's own(whether changed desires still count as truly belonging to the person)
    Genuinely belonging to you and reflecting your true self, rather than being fake or imposed by someone else.
    Bernard Williams(as a defender of Humean philosophy)
    A late 20th-century British philosopher who wrote influential works on ethics, questioning whether morality can be truly objective and exploring the role of personal projects and desires in a good life.
    Categorical desires(Williams's key concept about what makes life worth living)
    Desires that give your life direction and meaning—things you care about for their own sake, not just as a way to pass time (like wanting to learn, create, or help others).
    Ground/grounds (philosophical sense)(Williams argues categorical desires are the foundation for why death is bad)
    To be the underlying reason or basis for something; to explain why something is true or real.

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    The badness of death(as used in metaphysics and ethics)
    The philosophical question of whether and why death is actually harmful or negative for the person who dies.
    Transformed late-life desires(examples of desires that might seem different from a person's earlier desires)
    Desires and wishes that change or develop as a person gets older, especially in their final years.

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    Afterlife & Death1 linked

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    It is not irrational to prefer not to be at the end of our lives, unable to shap...

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