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It is not the case that Bernard Williams showed that agent-relative integrity constraints capture genuine moral phenomena that impartial consequentialism systematically distorts.
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Reasons For
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1.
Williams's distinction between agent-relative and agent-neutral may overstate the gap—sophisticated consequentialism can accommodate personal projects through indirect reasoning.
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2.
Privileging agent-relative integrity risks moral arbitrariness: why one's own projects matter more than equally valid projects of others facing real harm.
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3.
Williams identifies a psychological fact about moral motivation but doesn't establish that consequentialists distort genuine moral phenomena rather than exposing uncomfortable trade-offs.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
People have deep commitments to projects and relationships that feel intrinsically valuable, not merely instrumentally useful for overall welfare.
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2.
Impartial consequentialism requires sacrificing personal integrity when doing so maximizes utility, but this conflicts with how moral agents actually reason.
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3.
Agent-relative constraints (like not betraying a friend for greater good) capture moral intuitions that pure impartiality cannot adequately explain.
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