- Bertrand Russell
- Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher, logician, and social activist (1872-1970) who became famous for trying to show that mathematics could be built from pure logic, and for his clear, witty writing that made complex ideas accessible to everyday readers. He also became a public intellectual who spoke out on major issues like nuclear weapons, religion, and social justice, earning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950. Today, he's remembered as one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century who believed philosophy should tackle real-world problems, not just abstract puzzles.
- Coherent inquiry(as the boundary of reasonable philosophical questioning)
- Asking questions and seeking answers in a logical, consistent way that actually makes sense to think about.
- David Hume(as referenced in the statement)
- An 18th-century Scottish philosopher who argued that our desires and emotions, not reason alone, drive our actions and decisions.
- Extrapolation(as a criticism of assuming the universe must have a supernatural cause)
- Drawing a conclusion that goes beyond what the evidence actually supports; making a guess that stretches further than the facts allow.
- Transcendent cause(as what some people believe must explain why the universe exists)
- A cause that exists outside or beyond the physical universe, often referring to God or something supernatural that created everything.
- brute fact(Used in the context of whether predicative facts require metaphysical grounding)
- A fact that does not have an explanation