Bertrand Russell defended this 'Fallacy of Composition' diagnosis: what is true of parts need not be true of wholes, so causal dependency does not transfer from members to the aggregate.

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Bertrand Russell: Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher, logician, and social activist (1872-1970) who became famous for trying to show that mathematics could be built from pure logic, and for his clear, witty writing that made complex ideas accessible to everyday readers. He also became a public intellectual who spoke out on major issues like nuclear weapons, religion, and social justice, earning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950. Today, he's remembered as one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century who believed philosophy should tackle real-world problems, not just abstract puzzles.
Causal dependency(describing the relationship between sense organs and consciousness): When one thing directly causes or requires another thing to happen or exist—like how your eyes are necessary for you to see.
Fallacy of composition(Social theory and normative theory): The logical error of inferring that what is true of the parts must be true of the whole, applied here in the context of social and normative theory
Members (in logic)(as the parts being referenced in the statement)

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